Cindrome mongolism or Down

Cindrome mongolism or Down
Name:  It was once called Mongol people with Down syndrome, by the similarity of the Mongolian slanted eyes of Mongolia. As they were disabled before they were called mentally retarded. Down syndrome is called as the name of the first doctor who described the syndrome.
Factions:  The most obvious sign of mongolism or Down's syndrome is characterized by features look small and small eyes, almond shaped and slanted upward. Other symptoms, not always present, consist of sagging, flattening of the neck, bent little finger and hands clearly striped short and wide. When the child affected by Down syndrome grows, other symptoms are evident. The hands are always wide and short, with little short and steep, and feet, too short, they are a web space and a total width too disproportionate. The cardiac abnormalities are also frequent (about 35% of cases) and hernias and intestinal disorders. In addition to the symptoms and physical consequences include as the main characteristic of the disease mental retardation: stakeholders always have an IQ below 70, and most often between 40 and 60.
Causes: The cause of Down syndrome is an alteration in the chromosomes. The normal chromosome 46, grouped in 23 pairs are numbered from 1 to 22 plus another pair, 23 which corresponds to the sex chromosomes. In the affected cells of mongolism there an extra chromosome, ie, 47, always in the group chromosome 21. It is not known with certainty the cause of the appearance of this chromosome surplus, but is related to maternal age.
Prevention: Currently, pregnant women can be practiced, by week 14 of pregnancy, a test called amniocentesis, which can diagnose whether the fetus is affected by Down syndrome. This test is recommended for all pregnant women over 35 years and if a family history of mongolism in either parent.
Treatment and dessarolla: There is no known medical treatment for those affected by Down syndrome. Tests have been carried out and continuous mass administration of vitamins, particularly vitamin E, which, in some rare cases, have resulted in a relative improvement, without this being conclusive. The mongoloid child is quiet and responsive. Needs affection and attention, encouragement your senses as soon as possible, and enlist the help of specialized schools, which get upgrade its capacity, so that the concerned can meet their most basic physical needs, and even get to perform some simple and routine work.
Mongolism in animals: There is no trisomy 21 in animals (Down syndrome) but it is possible that animals have a low intelligence level, such as horses, dogs (Shettland Scottish, German Shepherd, Poodle French) can be very intelligent but also can be a little silly on the basis of gestational development.
By the way the animal dumbest of all is the turkey which has neither 5% of intelligence with other animals.
Mongolismo ó Cindrome de Down
Nombre: Hace tiempo se llamaba mongolos a las personas con síndrome de Down, por la similitud de los ojos achinados a los mongol de mongolia. Como eran discapacitados, antes se les llamó retrasados mentales.  Se llama síndrome de Down ya que el nombre del primer doctor en que describió este síndrome.
Facciones: El signo más evidente del mongolismo o síndrome de Down es un aspecto caracterizado por facciones pequeñas y ojos pequeños, almendrados y sesgados hacia arriba. Otros síntomas, no siempre presentes, consisten en flaccidez, aplanamiento de la nuca, dedo meñique curvado y las rayas de las manos manifiestamente cortas y anchas.
Cuando el niño afectado por el síndrome de Down crece, se hacen evidentes otros síntomas. Las manos son siempre anchas y cortas, con el meñique corto e inclinado, y los pies, también cortos, aparecen con un espacio interdigital excesivo y una anchura total desproporcionada. La anomalías cardíacas son también frecuentes (cerca del 35% de los casos), así como las hernias y los trastornos intestinales. Además de los síntomas y las consecuencias físicas, cabe mencionar como la principal característica de la enfermedad el retraso mental: los afectados tienen siempre un coeficiente de inteligencia inferior a 70, y con mucha frecuencia situado entre 40 y 60.
Causas: La causa del síndrome de Down es una alteración en los cromosomas. La dotación cromosómica normal es de 46, agrupados en 23 pares que se numeran del 1 al 22 más otro par, el 23, que corresponde a los cromosomas sexuales. En las células de los afectados de mongolismo existe un cromosoma de más, es decir, 47, siempre en el grupo cromosómico 21. No se conoce con certeza la causa de la aparición de este cromosoma sobrante, pero está relacionada con la edad de la madre.
Prevencion: Actualmente, puede practicarse a la gestante, hacia la semana 14 del embarazo, una prueba denominada amniocentesis, que permite diagnosticar si el feto está afectado por el síndrome de Down. Esta prueba es aconsejable para todas las embarazadas mayores de 35 años y si existen antecedentes familiares de mongolismo en alguno de los progenitores.
Tratamiento y dessarolla: No existe tratamiento médico conocido para los afectados por el síndrome de Down. Se han efectuado pruebas de administración masiva y continuada de vitaminas, en especial de vitamina E, que, en algunos casos aislados, han dado como resultado una mejoría relativa, sin que ello sea concluyente.  El niño mongólico es tranquilo y sensible. Necesitado de afecto y atención, es conveniente estimular lo antes posible sus sentidos, y contar con la ayuda de escuelas especializadas, que conseguirán mejorar al máximo su capacidad, con el fin de que el afectado pueda atender sus necesidades físicas más elementales, e incluso llegar a realizar algún trabajo sencillo y rutinario.
Mongolismo en animales: No existe la trisomia del par 21 en los animales, (sindrome de Down) pero si es posible que los animales tengan un nivel de inteligencia bajo, por ejemplo los caballos, perros (Shettland Escoses, Pastor Aleman, French Poodle), pueden ser muy inteligentes pero tambien pueden ser una poco tontos en base a su desarrollo gestacional.
Por cierto el animal mas tonto de todos es el pavo el cual no tiene ni un 5% de la inteligencia que tienen los demas animales.
Autism:
The severity of symptoms varies greatly, but all people with autism have some core symptoms in the areas of:

Social interactions and relationships. Symptoms may include:
Significant problems developing nonverbal communication skills, such as eye-to-eye gazing, facial expressions, and body posture.
Failure to establish friendships with children the same age.
Lack of interest in sharing enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people.
Lack of empathy. People with autism may have difficulty understanding another person's feelings, such as pain or sorrow.
Verbal and nonverbal communication. Symptoms may include:
Delay in, or lack of, learning to talk. As many as 40% of people with autism never speak.1
Problems taking steps to start a conversation. Also, people with autism have difficulties continuing a conversation after it has begun.
Stereotyped and repetitive use of language. People with autism often repeat over and over a phrase they have heard previously (echolalia).
Difficulty understanding their listener's perspective. For example, a person with autism may not understand that someone is using humor. They may interpret the communication word for word and fail to catch the implied meaning.
Limited interests in activities or play. Symptoms may include:
An unusual focus on pieces. Younger children with autism often focus on parts of toys, such as the wheels on a car, rather than playing with the entire toy.
Preoccupation with certain topics. For example, older children and adults may be fascinated by video games, trading cards, or license plates.
A need for sameness and routines. For example, a child with autism may always need to eat bread before salad and insist on driving the same route every day to school.
Stereotyped behaviors. These may include body rocking and hand flapping.
Symptoms during childhood: Symptoms of autism are usually noticed first by parents and other caregivers sometime during the child's first 3 years. Although autism is present at birth (congenital), signs of the disorder can be difficult to identify or diagnose during infancy. Parents often become concerned when their toddler does not like to be held; does not seem interested in playing certain games, such as peekaboo; and does not begin to talk. Sometimes, a child will start to talk at the same time as other children the same age, then lose his or her language skills. They also may be confused about their child's hearing abilities. It often seems that a child with autism does not hear, yet at other times, he or she may appear to hear a distant background noise, such as the whistle of a train.
With early and intensive treatment, most children improve their ability to relate to others, communicate, and help themselves as they grow older. Contrary to popular myths about children with autism, very few are completely socially isolated or "live in a world of their own."
Symptoms during teen years: During the teen years, the patterns of behavior often change. Many teens gain skills but still lag behind in their ability to relate to and understand others. Puberty and emerging sexuality may be more difficult for teens who have autism than for others this age. Teens are at an increased risk for developing problems related to depression, anxiety, and epilepsy.
symptoms during adulthood: Some adults with autism are able to work and live on their own. The degree to which an adult with autism can lead an independent life is related to intelligence and ability to communicate. At least 33% are able to achieve at least partial independence.2
Some adults with autism need a lot of assistance, especially those with low intelligence who are unable to speak. Part- or full-time supervision can be provided by residential treatment programs. At the other end of the spectrum, adults with high-functioning autism are often successful in their professions and able to live independently, although they typically continue to have some difficulties relating to other people. These individuals usually have average to above-average intelligence.
Other symptoms: Many people with autism have symptoms similar to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But these symptoms, especially problems with social relationships, are more severe for people with autism. For more information, see the topic Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
About 10% of people with autism have some form of savant skills-special limited gifts such as memorizing lists, calculating calendar dates, drawing, or musical ability.  Many people with autism have unusual sensory perceptions. For example, they may describe a light touch as painful and deep pressure as providing a calming feeling. Others may not feel pain at all. Some people with autism have strong food likes and dislikes and unusual preoccupations. Sleep problems occur in about 40% to 70% of people with autism.
Interesting facts:  There is another called Asperger syndrome, which, for purposes of this manual, will be handled the same way as the main difference between this syndrome and autism is the level of intelligence and communication.
Unlike the myths that recent novels and movies would have us believe, only a small segment of autistic gets to show high degree of intelligence and although it is true to say that they have mental retardation, lack of learning is evident, due precisely to its poor or no communication.
Pelicula de autistas (Mircle Run en youtube )